文章三（羟甲基）硝基甲烷的合成工艺研究改
毕业设计（论文）
题 目：三（羟甲基）硝基甲烷的
合成工艺研究
摘 要
截至目前，国内外现有的三(羟甲基)硝基甲烷(TN)的工艺条件还不够成熟，具有
杂质多、生产时间长、产量低、副反应、质量不稳定等问题。本文以氢氧化钙作为催化
剂，将甲醛溶液加入硝基甲烷来对三(羟甲基)硝基甲烷(TN)的生产工艺条件进行优化。
通过分析亲核加成反应的反应时间、物料比、反应温度、催化剂、pH 值等五个因素对产
率的影响确定最新的工艺条件。步骤如下：以水为溶剂，氢氧化钙为催化剂，在
40℃的条件下，将 3.2 份甲醛滴入 1份硝基甲烷中，反应进行 5小时。用硫酸除去钙
离子、产率高达 89.1 %。
关键词：三(羟甲基)硝基甲烷，合成，工艺条件，亲核加成
Study on synthesis technology of trimethylolnitromethane
Abstract: Up to now, the existing process conditions of tri (hydroxymethyl)
nitromethane (TN) at home and abroad are not mature enough, with many impurities, long
production time, low yield, side reaction, unstable quality and other problems. In this paper,
calcium hydroxide was used as catalyst to optimize the production process of tri
(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane (TN) by adding nitromethane to formaldehyde solution. By
analyzing the effects of reaction time, material ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst and pH
value on the yield of nucleophilic addition reaction, the latest process conditions were
determined. The steps are as follows: using water as solvent, calcium hydroxide as catalyst,
dropping 3.2 parts of formaldehyde into 1 part of nitromethane at 40 ℃ for 5 hours. The
calcium ion is removed by sulfuric acid, and the yield is as high as 89.1%.
Keywords:Trimethylolnitromethane; Synthesis; Process conditions; Nucleophilic
addition
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